The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.